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Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, seven of whose dramas are presented in this volume, is one of the first Polish dramatists to surmount the cultural barrier and become known to general readers and theatre-goers worldwide. The story of how this breakthrough happened is all the more noteworthy because Witkiewicz was an outsider within his own culture, existing on the margins of the theatrical life of his era and seemingly doomed to lasting failure.

An account of the playwrights confrontation with the Polish theatre in his own lifetime, his defeat at the hands of an uncomprehending public and check free credit score Savannah hostile critical establishment, and his posthumous triumph is the subject of my prefatory essay which serves as a general introduction to his work and provides the context for the plays, each of which has a separate foreword. Painter, playwright, novelist, aesthetician, philosopher, photographer, and expert on narcotics, Witkiewiczor Witkacy, his artistic persona and the pen name check free credit score Savannah by which he was knownis now check free credit score Savannah recognized as a major avant-gardist of the twentieth century.

A permanent outsider who could not be assimilated check free credit score Savannah to any school or movement, the multitalented Witkacy brought to playwriting an extraordinary breadth of interests and depth of vision, as well as an abiding hostility to the commercial theatre of his own age. official free credit report The distinctive qualities of Witkacys work are a powerful visual imagination check free credit score Savannah evoking dream states by means of hallucinatory images, colors, and shapes, a deeply felt philosophy of mans check free credit score Savannah tragic isolation in an alien universe, and an acute sense of the grotesque and absurd that generates subversive self-mockery and parody.

His check free credit score Savannah seismographic reading of civilizations fault lines have made Witkacy a classic of the avant-garde. Witkacys story begins in the nineteenth century, when Poland did not exist as a nation, having been divided among its more powerful predatory neighbors, Prussia, Russia, and Austria, The Witkiewiczes were a large, well connected land-owning family from Polish Lithuania, related to Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, Polands future strongman in the interwar years, and to check free credit score Savannah the Gielguds, of whom the British check free credit score Savannah actor, Sir John, would become the check free credit score Savannah celebrated offspring. free business credit reports As was the case with many Poles at the time, the Witkiewicz family suffered major losses of status and property because of their patriotic zeal, which check free credit score Savannah involved them in opposition to the occupying forces. They experienced what it meant to be the colonized check free credit score Savannah subjects of an imperial power. The playwrights great uncle, Jan Witkiewicz (1808-1839), after being arrested at the age of fifteen and condemned to death for purported anti-czarist activities (as a founder member of a patriotic student organization), was then sent as a conscript to Central Asia, where he eventually became a highly regarded Russian secret agent, prized for his mastery of Middle-Eastern languages and disguises, and engaged in conspiratorial missions against the British in the struggle between the two check free credit score Savannah empires for dominance over Persia and Afghanistan.

Of divided loyalties and troubled conscience, this enigmatic adventurer committed suicide or perhaps was murdered check free credit score Savannah at the age of thirty-one. The check free credit score Savannah writers father, Stanislaw Witkiewicz (1851-1915), as an adolescent spent four years in Siberia with his father, who had been exiled and deprived of his property for taking part check free credit score Savannah in the Uprising of 1863 against Russia. credit history report free Stanislaw subsequently became a charismatic turn-of-the-century artist and cultural critic, check free credit score Savannah who achieved the status of national sage, preaching a gospel of creative independence for Poles through a return to native arts and crafts, while they awaited inevitable political liberation.